An article about to be published in the Journal of Pediatrics is titled, “Decline in Independent Activity as a Cause of Decline in Children’s Mental Wellbeing: Summary of the Evidence.”
The authors are three big names in child development: Anthropologist David Lancy, psychologist David Bjorklund and Peter Gray, a professor in the Dept. of Psychology and Neuroscience at Boston College — and a co-founder with me of Let Grow.
Their piece summarizes a wide swath of evidence showing that, ironically, as we replaced more and more of children’s free time and free play with adult-run activities, homework, entertainment and assistance, we thought we were giving them more opportunities for growth and joy.
Actually, we were draining their lives of optimism and resilience.
Reversing this trend — stat! — is key, say the authors, as “children who have more opportunities for independent activities are not only happier in the short run, because the activities engender happiness and a sense of competence, but also happier in the long run, because independent activities promote the growth of capacities for coping with life’s inevitable stressors.”
The piece is already drawing attention. Emily Oster, author of popular books on data-driven parenting including “Expecting Better,” writes in her Substack that indeed, it is indisputable that kids are less free, and less trusted to be competent, responsible, resourceful young adults than they were in the ’80s:
“You can see this even in something like ‘The Baby-Sitters Club,'” Oster writes. “The seventh graders in these books — published from 1986 to 2000 — are babysitting for young infants, including at night, making dinner, cleaning the house, and so on. The feel of the world is somewhat different than what many of us experience with our children now.”
Why are trust, responsibility and independence so crucial to kids’ mental health?
Because that’s how you get a sense of what you can handle, and of who you are in the world: A competent, growing person — not a baby or a bonsai tree.
Think about a time YOU were trusted by your parents or another adult to do something without them — come home by dinner, run an errand, walk your sister to school…
That’s a milestone we don’t SEE as a milestone, because it seems so… minor. But those are the milestones that mark the path to maturity. Take them away, and kids are stuck in baby mode, feeling helpless and needy.
And depressed and anxious.
The Journal of Pediatrics article talks about how important it is to have an “internal locus of control” — a sense that you can make things happen, and deal with problems that arise. An “external locus of control” — as I think you can guess — is the feeling that someone or something else is in the driver’s seat. (And you’re in a five-point harness.)
Our culture swapped out childhood freedom and responsibility for safety and supervision. We thought we were eliminating risk and making them happy.
We went too far.
The article concludes that “concern for children’s safety and the value of adult guidance needs to be tempered by recognition that children need ever-increasing opportunity to manage their own activities.”
How?
Well, parents can reassess whether perhaps they are being almost “too helpful” when their kids are ready to do more themselves.
Pediatricians can explain to parents that a risk-free life carries huge risks of its own.
And schools can create more independence by assigning kids The Let Grow Project (kids get the homework: “Go home and do something new, on your own”) and starting Let Grow Play Clubs, so kids get free, unstructured, no-devices play time back in their lives. (All our implementation materials are free.)
The message through all of this — including, now, a peer-reviewed journal article — is simple: When adults step back, kids step up.
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3 comments
3 Comments
Kevin
March 28, 2023, 1:08 amWhen I was 12, back in the 60’s, my mother went back to work. I was put in charge of cooking dinner Monday through Friday and babysitting my 6 year old little brother. I was also in charge of completing at least a part of house cleaning. When I turned 16, I started working after school, but I still arrived first after the job so was still in charge of cooking. As a result, by the time I was in college, I was completely independent, and a pretty good cook! This translated into finishing college in 3 1/2 years, and teaching high school part time during the last semester. Independent activities set me up for success.
REPLYDavid Shackelford
March 29, 2023, 12:07 amThe explosion of homelessness is a result of bad parenting. Bad outcomes of bad parenting. This is not 100% of the time, but as a rule. (This does not include psychiatric cases.) I worked in a large homeless shelter for 12 years and very few people were there for causes out of their control. This is known as the Culture of Poverty. Government assistance aggravates the problem. Fatherless homes aggravate the problem.
REPLYThe Bible has the answers that people need.
Mark Headley
October 4, 2023, 3:40 pmI was confused on skimming the article — thinking the authors were speaking of themselves when invoking "we". When expecting as you compelling describe.
My impression is that adults themselves have become much less active, avoiding adventure, playing much less. More scared, depressed, suicidal, uncivil. Coupled with wretched boundaries: fetishizing kids as vehicles for their own rewards. When I was a kid, no one congratulated my parents on my accomplishments. Naturally they often played key roles. Heard you must be proud, happy About these. Indeed. Yet I wasn't an extension of them. I bore no burden for their happiness.
From my perspective, the worst impacts of helicoptering may come indirectly via impacts on parents. Unassessed? I had very different role models, I gather, than most US kids today. Despite much domestic dysfunction.
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