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  • Shareable Snack: A Firsthand Account of the Civil War and Its Causes

    Shareable Snack: A Firsthand Account of the Civil War and Its Causes27

    Julius Franklin Howell joined the Confederate Army when he was 16. After surviving a few battles, Howell eventually found himself in a Union prison camp at Point Lookout, Maryland. In 1947, at the age of 101, Howell made a rare recording at the Library of Congress, in which he described his enlistment, sudden capture, and

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  • The Right to Speak Evil

    The Right to Speak Evil0

    Words can harm. The childhood saying “Sticks and stones may break my bones but words will never hurt me” is obviously untrue. Words bring ruin and despair, drive people to suicide, and foment massacres and war. They are used to justify the enslavement of nations, and the genocide of entire ethnic groups. This is exactly

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  • Purposeless Masculinity in Beryl Bainbridge’s ‘The Birthday Boys’

    Purposeless Masculinity in Beryl Bainbridge’s ‘The Birthday Boys’1

    In the face of certain death, does being civilized matter? All the narrators of Beryl Bainbridge’s 1991 historical novel The Birthday Boys die. And still, knowing their deaths loom, they carry on with birthdays, religious practices, and virtues like loyalty and courage. Heavily based on real life diaries and letters, this novel is a hybrid

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